squamous cancer!

squamous cancer

Comprehensive Analysis

1) "Squamous" -- As to squamous cancer squa·mous Pronunciation: 'skwA-m&s also 'skwä- Function: adjective Etymology: Middle English, from Latin squamosus, from squama scale 1 a : covered with or consisting of scales : SCALY b : of, relating to, or being a stratified epithelium that consists at least in its outer layers of small scalelike cells 2 : of, relating to, or being the anterior upper portion of the temporal bone of most mammals including humans Pronunciation Symbols A comparison of squamous epithelia to other epithelial types In anatomy, squamous epithelium is an epithelium characterised by its most superficial layer consisting of flat, scalelike cells called squamous cells. Squamous epithelium may possess only one layer of these cells, in which case it is referred to as simple squamous epithelium, or it may possess multiple layers, referred to then as stratified squamous epithelium. Both types perform differing functions, ranging from nutrient exchange to protection. 1 Simple squamous epithelia 2 Stratified squamous epithelia 3 See also 4 External links A simple squamous epithelium is characterized by the presence of squamous cells which are all contact with the basement membrane. The surface squamous cells are irregularly shaped and very flat; so flat that the cell nucleus sometimes creates a bump in the surface of the cell. Gases and other substances can easily diffuse across squamous cells to the underlying basement membrane, and because of their smooth surface, liquids can quickly flow over them. As such, simple squamous epithelia are seen lining body cavities and capillaries to reduce friction, as well as lining the alveoli to facilitate gas exchange. H&E stain of biopsy of normal esophagus showing the stratified squamous cell epithelium Section of the human skin showing the stratified squamous epithelial surface, referred to as the epidermis. The layer of keratin here is named the stratum corneum A stratified squamous epithelium consists of squamous (flattened) epithelial cells arranged in layers upon a basement membrane. Only one layer is in contact with the basement membrane; the other layers adhere to one another to maintain structural integrity. Although this epithelium is referred to as squamous, many cells within the layers may not be flattened; this is due to the convention of naming epithelia acc..." 2) "Cancer" -- As to squamous cancer can·cer Pronunciation: 'kan(t)-s&r Function: noun Etymology: Middle English, from Latin (genitive Cancri), literally, crab; akin to Greek karkinos crab, cancer 1 capitalized a : a northern zodiacal constellation between Gemini and Leo b (1) : the fourth sign of the zodiac in astrology -- see ZODIAC table (2) : one born under the sign of Cancer 2 [Latin, crab, cancer] a : a malignant tumor of potentially unlimited growth that expands locally by invasion and systemically by metastasis b : an abnormal bodily state marked by such tumors 3 : something evil or malignant that spreads destructively <the cancer of hidden resentment -- Irish Digest> 4 a : an enlarged tumorlike plant growth (as that of crown gall) b : a plant disease marked by such growths - can·cer·ous /'kan(t)s-r&s, 'kan(t)-s&-/ adjective - can·cer·ous·ly adverb Pronunciation Symbols Cancer Classification & external resources When normal cells are damaged beyond repair, they are eliminated by apoptosis. Cancer cells avoid apoptosis and continue to multiply in an unregulated manner DiseasesDB 28843 MedlinePlus 001289 MeSH C04 Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these cells to spread, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion, or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis (where cancer cells are transported through the bloodstream or lymphatic system). Cancer may affect people at all ages, but risk tends to increase with age. It is one of the principal causes of death in developed countries. There are many types of cancer. Severity of symptoms depends on the site and character of the malignancy and whether there is metastasis. A definitive diagnosis usually requires the histologic examination of tissue by a pathologist. This tissue is obtained by biopsy or surgery. Most cancers can be treated and some cured, depending on the specific type, location, and stage. Once diagnosed, cancer is usually treated with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. As research develops, treatments are becoming more specific for the type of cancer pathology. Drugs that target specific cancers already exist for several cancers. If untreated, cancers may eventually cause illness and death, though this is not always the case. The unregulated growth that characterizes cancer is caused by damage to DNA, resulting in mutations to genes that encode for proteins controlling cell division. Many mutation events may be required to transform a normal ce..." 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